Rearrangement mechanisms for azoxypyridines and azoxypyridine <i>N</i> -oxides in the 100% H <sub>2</sub> SO <sub>4</sub> region — The Wallach rearrangement story comes full circle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kinetic studies of the Wallach rearrangements of four azoxypyridines, four azoxypyridine N-oxides, and one azoxypyridine N-methiodide have been carried out in the 100% H 2 SO 4 acidity region. For all of the β-isomers in the study the reactions proceeded at a spectrally measurable rate, and the log observed rate constants were found to be linear functions of the log H 3 SO 4 + concentration, as previously found for azoxybenzene itself, suggesting that the reaction mechanism for these substrates is the same as that previously deduced for axozybenzene, i.e., a general-acid-catalysis A-S E 2 process. For the α-azoxypyridines no reaction could be observed at all. The two α-azoxypyridine N-oxides in the study did react, albeit very slowly, but for these two compounds the log observed rate constants were not linear functions of the log H 3 SO 4 + concentration, but were instead found to be linear in the H 0 acidity function, which is known for the 100% H 2 SO 4 acidity region. It follows that the reaction mechanism for these α-isomers is a different one, presumably an A1 process. This mechanism was proposed back in 1963 for azoxybenzene, but has never actually been observed for any substrate before the work reported in this study. Thus, the Wallach rearrangement story can be said to have come full circle.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".