Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs 2 (DAWN2): A multinational, multi-stakeholder study of psychosocial issues in diabetes and person-centred diabetes care
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: The Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs 2 (DAWN2) study aims to provide a holistic assessment of diabetes care and management among people with diabetes (PWD), family members (FM), and healthcare professionals (HCPs) and explores potential drivers leading to active management. METHODS: DAWN2 survey over 16,000 individuals (∼9000 PWD, ∼2000 FM of PWD, and ∼5000 HCPs) in 17 countries across 4 continents. Respondents complete a group-specific questionnaire; items are designed to allow cross-group comparisons on common topics. The questionnaires comprise elements from the original DAWN study (2001), as well as psychometrically validated instruments and novel questions developed for this study to assess self-management, attitudes/beliefs, disease impact/burden, psychosocial distress, health-related quality of life, healthcare provision/receipt, social support and priorities for improvement in the future. The questionnaires are completed predominantly online or by telephone interview, supplemented by face-to-face interviews in countries with low internet access. In each country, recruitment ensures representation of the diabetes population in terms of geographical distribution, age, gender, education and disease status. DISCUSSION: DAWN2 aims to build on the original DAWN study to identify new avenues for improving diabetes care. This paper describes the study rationale, goals and methodology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".