Analysis of a surface-normal coupled-quantum-well modulator at 1.55 um
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report on the design and analysis of a surface-normal coupled-quantum-well (CQW) electro-absorption modulator (EAM) using a simulation software APSYS. The modulator is designed as a p-i-n diode operating at 1.55 um, in which the CQW structure is composed of InGaAs-InAlAs. In this paper, detailed analysis of the internal device physics is investigated, which includes the transition energy and the square of the normalized overlap integrals between confined energy levels for electrons and holes. This analysis reveals the mechanisms in the device that are responsible for the redshift of the absorption spectra for achieving an operating wavelength at 1.55 um, which, in turn, provides researchers with insight in the high performance modulators design. The analysis also explains the dependence of the absorption spectra on wavelength and bias voltage. The simulation model self-consistently solves for wavefunctions and the corresponding quantum states energies and then used for absorption spectra calculations within the 2D/3D drift-diffusion framework.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".