Interference of contaminated sediment extracts and environmental pollutants with retinoid signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Retinoids are known to regulate important processes such as differentiation, development, and embryogenesis. Some effects, such as malformations in frogs or changes in metabolism of birds, could be related to disruption of the retinoid signaling pathway by exposure to organic contaminants. A new reporter gene assay has been established for evaluation of the modulation of retinoid signaling by individual chemicals or environmental samples. The bioassay is based on the pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 stably transfected with the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a retinoic acid-responsive element (clone P19/ A15). The cell line was used to characterize the effects of individual chemicals and sediments extracts on retinoid signaling pathways. The extracts of sediments from the River Kymi, Finland, which contained polychlorinated dioxins and furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), significantly increased the potency of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), while no effect was observed with the extract of the sediment from reference locality. Considerable part of the effect was caused by the labile fraction of the sediment extracts. Also, several individual PAHs potentiated the effect of ATRA; on the other hand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and several phthalates showed slightly inhibiting effect. These results suggest that PAHs could be able to modulate the retinoid signaling pathway and that they could be responsible for a part of the proretinoid activity observed in the sediment extracts. However, the effects of PAHs on the retinoic acid signaling pathways do not seem to be mediated directly by crosstalk with aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".