Viscous Interaction Between a Vortex Tube and a Rotating Spherical Particle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The transient advection of a cylindrical vortex tube in a viscous incompressible flow field and its interaction with a rotating/spinning spherical particle has been investigated numerically at Reynolds numbers in the range of 20≤ Re≤200 for angular velocities of 0≤Ω≤0.5. The effects of vortex parameters such as size, circulation strength and initial position relative to the particle, on the temporal behavior of the lift and drag forces are studied. Vortex‐sphere interactions bring about major changes in the flow field particularly when coupled with particle rotation. It is observed that the forces acting on the particle are significantly influenced during the time that the vortex core is in the vicinity of the particle. The extent of these local changes are about ±30% in the drag coefficient and about ±200% in the lift coefficient as compared to flow over a rotating solid sphere with no vortex interaction. It is also found that a vortex with core radius between one and two particle diameters creates the strongest temporal variations in the lift and drag coefficients. Furthermore, maximum lift variations occur for the vortex‐particle head on collision, while a vortex with an offset distance of about one diameter from the principal flow axis generates the maximum drag variations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".