Influence of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene additives on the poly(ether sulfone) ultra‐filtration membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was blended into a poly(ether sulfone) (PES) casting solution used to prepare ultra‐filtration (UF) membranes via the phase inversion technique. The membranes were then characterized by contact angle (CA) measurements and UF experiments. The CA was increased with the addition of HTPB in the PES membrane and also by lowering the gelation bath temperature. It was observed that the CA was lower for membranes prepared with N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) as the solvent than those using N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent. The flux values were higher for membranes made using a 4°C gelation bath when compared with the ambient temperature ((25 ± 1)°C) irrespective of the cast solvents, NMP or DMAc. The flux values were much higher and the solute separations were lower for the HTPB‐based PES membranes than for the pure PES membrane, when the membranes were cast with DMAc as a solvent. On the other hand, both flux and separation values were much lower for the HTPB‐based PES membranes than for the pure PES membrane, when the membranes were cast using NMP. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for morphological characterization and the correlation of topography/photography with the performance data was also examined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2292–2303, 2006
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".