Recent Patents on Eggshell: Shell and Membrane Applications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chicken eggshell and its membranes are an inexpensive and abundant waste material which exhibit interesting characteristics for many potential applications. The eggshell is formed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and is used widely as an animal feed, lime (Ca(OH)2) substitute or a fertilizer. Moreover, the associated eggshell membranes have a high content of bioactive components, as well as properties of moisture retention and biodegradability which have potential use for clinical, comestic, nutraceutical and nanotechnology applications. The eggshell membranes have been also used for biosorption of heavy metals and dyes and as a template to synthesize metal nanoparticles. The combination of nanosized calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) biomaterials synthesized from eggshell and eggshell membrane show promise to develop drug delivery system and nanowires for electronic devices. In addition, a derived product, the soluble eggshell membrane protein (SEP) has applications in tissue engineering. This review discusses the patented applications of eggshell membrane waste: shell and membrane for the last 10 years as well as their future applications. Keywords: Bioremediation, clinical, collagen, cosmetics, eggshell membrane, nanotechnology, nutraceutical and shell, proteins, glycoprotein, proteoglycans, calcitic columns, the palisade layer, mammillary cone layer, cuticle, calcified shell, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), Ovotransferrin, Lysozyme, Ovocalyxin-36, Hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, polypropylene, mammillary, cones, pulsed energy separation system, cavitation, overlap-ping vanes, osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone mineral density (BMD), osteoarthritis, hyaluronic acid, proteases, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, electrospinning method, anionic dyes, pulverized eggshell, calcined eggshell, Carbonate hydroxylapatite (CHAP), sol-gel minerali-zation method, carbon doped TiO2 porous nanometer photocatalyst, hydroxyapatite, chitosan, Ovocalyxin-36 (OCX-36)
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it