Nonlinear excitation and ionization of diatomic molecules by short laser pulses. Model of two active electrons in the field of a frozen core
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dynamics of electron excitation and ionization of diatomic molecules in short laser pulses is studied within a model of two active 1D electrons moving in the field of a frozen core. It is shown for example for the N2 molecule that the model reproduces the spectrum of the pulse-free Σ electronic states very well. The N2 electron dynamics is examined numerically for short τ = 30 fs and ultra-short τ = 5 fs laser pulses with λ = 800 nm and intensity 1013 W/cm2 ÷ 1015 W/cm2 as well as for the resonant pulse with τ = 1 fs and λ = 147 nm, 1014 W/cm2 ÷ 1016 W/cm2. The phenomena of strong above-threshold absorption and resonant revival of electronic ground-state population in the ultra-short resonant pulse are found. Within the model, the quantum-mechanical picture of one-electron, two-electron, sequential, and nonsequential molecular ionizations is analyzed in detail in comparison with recent experimental results of Cornaggia and Hering, and Gibson et al. The model correctly explains the origin and nonlinear dynamics of the well-known "shoulder" in the N2+2 ion yield. PACS Nos.: 33.80Rv, 33.80Wz
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".