Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of<i> Kudoa paniformis</i> and <i>Kudoa thyrsites</i> in Pacific Hake (<i>Merluccius productus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Myoliquefaction of Pacific hake has been attributed to proteolytic action associated with parasitic infection. Among the two infecting species of Kudoa, Kudoa paniformis and Kudoa thyrsites, the former is reported to be more virulent for the "soft flesh" phenomenon in Pacific hake. The objective of this research was to develop a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect infection of hake by K. paniformis. Primers based on specific regions ( approximately 1562 bp) of the small subunit ribosomal DNA of K. paniformis successfully amplified the target DNA segments from both spore and muscle extracted DNA templates. DNA sequencing confirmed the veracity of this method to distinguish parasitic infection by K. paniformis versus K. thyrsites. The established PCR method was applied to investigate Kudoa infection in 44 Pacific hake samples using DNA extracted from muscle and/or spores, and the results were compared to infection evaluated by microscopic examination of extracted spores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".