The influence of thermokarst disturbance on the water quality of small upland lakes, Mackenzie Delta region, Northwest Territories, Canada
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chemical data are presented for water from 22 lakes in small upland catchments (< 20 ha) between Inuvik and Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Eleven of the basins appear pristine and 11 are affected by thermokarst slumping. The mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of the pristine lakes (16.3 mg/l) is greater than the mean concentration of lakes disturbed by thermokarst slumping (10.5 mg/l). In pristine lakes, mean concentrations of Ca, Mg and SO4 are 9.6, 3.6 and 11.1 mg/l, but in lakes affected by thermokarst, mean concentrations are 72.6, 26.8 and 208.2 mg/l, respectively. Soluble materials released from degrading permafrost are transported to lakes by surface runoff, elevating concentrations in lake water. The percentage of total basin area influenced by thermokarst is positively associated with ionic concentrations in lake water and inversely related to DOC. Thermokarst occupying as little as 2% of catchment area may modify the chemistry of lake water, and water quality may remain affected for several decades after slump development has ceased. Aerial photographs indicate that 5 to 15% of all lakes and ponds in four 49 km2 areas between Inuvik and Richards Island are small (median size < 2 ha) with catchments affected by thermokarst. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it