An association between chronic infection with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and lung cancer. A prospective 2‐year study<sup>Note</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assesses a possible relationship between chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection and lung cancer (LC). A total of 210 consecutive patients (136 M, 74 F) were diagnosed with LC during a 2-year period. Blood was obtained from 128 M and 70 F patients for Cpn serology. Repeat blood specimens were taken after 3 months. Throat specimens for Cpn DNA analysis by PCR were taken from 110/136 M and 63/74 F Seventy-four cytobrush specimens were taken and also analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty (29 M, 21 F) bronchial biopsies and 8 (6 M, 2 F) tumors resected at surgery were analyzed for Cpn by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Males had significantly more often squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) than females. Other types of LC were more equally distributed between males and females. The difference between males and females regarding smoking history was significant, and male LC patients had significantly higher levels of IgG and/or IgA antibodies than female LC patients. Male and female LC patients had significantly higher prevalences of high antibody titers than controls. A high prevalence of unusually high titers of specific Cpn antibodies was found in male LC patients. This could indicate that LC may be induced by chronic Cpn infection, since stable high titers of Cpn antibodies, especially IgA, are a hallmark of chronic infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".