Population Origin and Water Temperature Affect Development Timing in Embryonic Sockeye Salmon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Predicting the future impact of changing thermal regimes on life history stages for wild fish requires a better understanding of the relative importance of population origin and offspring size on embryonic development. We assessed hatch timing and offspring size of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in relation to egg size (variation from full‐sibling families), population origin, and temperature (three treatments of 10, 14, and 16°C). Both hatch timing and hatch duration varied by the interacting effects of population origin and thermal treatment, shown in crossing reaction norms. Hatching was faster, yet more variable, at higher temperatures across many groups, so while fish generally hatched faster, developmental asynchrony also increased among families. On average, fish incubated at 16°C were shorter but not lighter at hatch, showing developmental tradeoffs between basal metabolic requirements and growth. Egg size decreased among populations as migratory distance increased, but development rates were not related to egg size. In this case, embryonic development rates were linked to temperature and population‐specific cues for hatch timing more than to the maternal influence of egg size. Received March 10, 2014; accepted June 3, 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".