Dietary Cation–Anion Difference of Forage Species after Chloride Fertilization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dietary cation‐anion difference (DCAD), an indicator of hypocalcaemia risk in dairy cows, has been shown to be decreased by Cl fertilization in a limited number of forage species. Our objective was to assess the response of eight forage species grown in eastern Canada to two Cl fertilization treatments (0 vs. 90 + 50 kg Cl ha−1 applied in early spring and after the first harvest, respectively). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roemer and J.A. Schultes), tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], timothy (Phleum pratense L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were seeded in 2 yr at one location and harvested twice in the first post‐seeding year of each seeding. The experimental design was a split‐plot with four replicates; species as main plots and Cl fertilization as subplots. Chloride fertilization decreased the DCAD [(Na+ + K+) – (Cl− + S2–)] of all forage species; this decrease ranged from 78 (smooth and meadow bromegrasses) to 201 mmolc kg−1 dry matter (DM) (reed canarygrass) in spring growth and from 88 (Kentucky bluegrass) to 269 mmolc kg−1 DM (tall fescue) in summer regrowth. Species differed in their DCAD with legume species having the highest and timothy, reed canarygrass, and Kentucky bluegrass having the lowest. Producing forage with a DCAD lower than 250 mmolc kg−1 DM is possible without Cl fertilization in Kentucky bluegrass and with Cl fertilization in timothy and reed canarygrass.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".