Power laws and production of direct photons in high-energy physics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The measured data on transverse momentum spectra for production of direct photons in hadron–hadron, hadron–nucleus, and nucleus–nucleus interactions at high energies are compiled. Besides, data on some other aspects related to these p T -spectra are also assorted in the present work. The p T -spectra for production of direct photons at p T > 1 GeV/c are, then, fitted here by using two parameterizations, which essentially approach the power-law dependence at high transverse momenta. The power indices range between 16 to 7 depending on the interacting particles and the centre-of-mass energy of the system. The power index decreases gradually with increasing energy, with a variation of the rate of fall for various energy ranges. The formulae applied here phenomenologically bring out the main features of the data characteristics in a modestly satisfactory manner. This provokes us to raise some serious questions about the existing “theoretical” approaches, all, or most of which, lack in the first-principle derivations of the actual working expressions used to finally describe the nature of the measured data on direct photons, or for that matter, on any other secondary particle.PACS Nos.: 25.75.–q, 12.38.Mh, 13.85.Ni
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".