Cardiovascular and autonomic effects of water ingestion during postexercise circulatory occlusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As with water ingestion, the activation of the muscle metaboreflex leads to heightened muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, we hypothesized that water ingestion might enhance the pressor effect of the muscle metaboreflex activation. We examined the effect of water ingestion (50 vs. 500 mL) on the cardiovascular and autonomic responses to static handgrip followed by postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) in 19 healthy participants (29.2 ± 8.6 years). Beat-to-beat blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and R-R intervals were recorded in both conditions (pre- and postingestion). Changes in stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed using Modelflow. Cardiac autonomic regulation was investigated by spectral heart rate variability (HRV); baroreflex control of heart rate was assessed by the sequence method. Water ingestion did not increase the pressor effect induced by PECO. Even though 500 mL of water elicited an overall bradycardia, paired by an increase in the high-frequency HRV, there were no differences between conditions for the decrease in BRS or the resetting of the baroreflex to operate at higher blood pressure. Nevertheless, after the ingestion of 500 mL of water, there were no significant correlations between the percent change in cardiac output and that of BRS, from rest to PECO. This contrasts with that seen in the 50 mL condition (r = -0.68, p < 0.05). Contrasting with our hypothesis, 500 mL of water did not increase the pressor effect induced by PECO. Nevertheless, we found that water ingestion may influence the mechanisms by which the muscle metaboreflex elicits an increased cardiac output during PECO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".