Peritumoral hyperplasia of the liver: a response to portal vein invasion by hypervascular neoplasms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Several cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) or similar hyperplastic lesions have been reported adjacent to hepatic neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinoma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma and hepatoblastoma. We refer to this hyperplastic response as peritumoral hyperplasia (PTH). Here, we report eight cases of PTH adjacent to primary hepatocellular carcinomas (two) and metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (three), gastrointestinal stromal tumour (one) and colon carcinomas (two). METHODS AND RESULTS: Sections were stained with H&E and trichrome, and for glutamine synthetase, CD34 and cytokeratin 7. PTH was composed of a peritumoral rim of hyperplastic hepatocytes up to 7.0 mm wide, delimited by adjacent hepatocellular atrophy. PTH had altered plate architecture, strong glutamine synthetase expression and variable sinusoidal endothelial cell CD34 expression. The central tumour deposit typically invaded portal veins and was markedly hypervascular with CD34-positive capillaries. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that PTH is a hyperplastic response to increased blood flow in the peritumoral parenchyma. The increased flow occurs when portal vein invasion by a hypervascular tumour causes arterio-portal shunting. While PTH shares some morphological features with FNH, it lacks the defining nodular architecture, central scar and bile ductules. PTH may be related pathophysiologically to FNH, but should be classified as a separate entity because of its distinct morphology and peritumoral location.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".