Coherent Doppler Profiler measurements of near‐bed suspended sediment fluxes and the influence of bed forms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports on remote acoustic observations of vertical turbulence intensity and vertical suspended sediment flux profiles on a planar beach in 3–4 m water depth. The measurements of suspended sediment concentration and velocity are colocated and simultaneous and extend through the wave bottom boundary layer to the bed with 0.7 cm vertical resolution. Normalized cospectra of the suspended sediment flux and the vertical velocity for different bed states (irregular ripples, cross ripples, linear transition ripples, and flat bed) indicate a small but significant peak at incident wave frequencies but are otherwise rather flat, with weak redness. Estimates of the vertical flux components indicate a general balance between upward fluxes due to waves and turbulence and downward settling. Two exceptions to this balance are found immediately above the bed and for nonmigrating irregular ripples. The contribution from the high‐frequency turbulent component is small. Wave phase averages for low‐energy bed states exhibit near‐bed peaks in the suspended sediment flux following wave phase reversal. Wave phase averages for the high‐energy cases do not exhibit a diffusive signature. Observed vertical profiles of turbulence intensity for different bed states reveal that the near‐bed turbulence levels are relatively independent of bed state. Friction velocity predictions from presently available models, including a bed stress model and a sediment eddy diffusion model, are compared to measured values of near‐bed turbulence intensity. Reasonable agreement is found between measured and predicted bottom friction velocities when wave friction factors from Tolman [1994] are used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".