Surface modification of MnO2 and carbon nanotubes using organic dyes for nanotechnology of electrochemical supercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient dispersion and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was achieved using organic dyes, such as pyrocatechol violet (PV) and m-cresol purple (CP). The problem of MnO2 nanoparticle dispersion in concentrated suspensions was addressed by the use of PV as a dispersant. The analysis and comparison of experimental data for PV and CP provided insight into the influence of chemical structures of the dyes on their adsorption on MWCNTs and MnO2. The adsorption of PV on MWCNTs and MnO2 was attributed to π–π interactions and catecholate type bonding, respectively. The EPD yield can be varied by the variation of the PV concentration in the suspensions, deposition voltage and time. It was found that PV can be used as a co-dispersant for EPD of MWCNTs and MnO2 and the fabrication of MnO2–MWCNT composites. The proposed approach offers advantages of uniform distribution of individual components and low binder content in the composite. MnO2–MWCNT films were prepared by EPD for thin film electrodes of electrochemical supercapacitors (ES). Bulk MnO2–MWCNT electrodes with a material loading of 40 mg cm−2 were obtained by the impregnation of Ni foam current collectors. The highest specific capacitance of 5.9 F cm−2 (148 F g−1) was achieved. The composite materials are promising for ES applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".