Apparatus to Determine the Macroscopic and Microscopic Biaxial Swelling Response of the Annulus Fibrosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a “hydrostatic load-bearing structure” [1], found between the vertebral bodies of the spine. The IVD is composed of the inner and outer annulus fibrosus and a gelatinous center, the nucleus pulposus. Fluid is the largest component of the IVD. Swelling affects the macroscopic mechanical response of the tissue, as well as the microscopic nutrient and solute transport to the cells of the IVD. Previous studies describing the macroscopic swelling behaviour of the annulus fibrosus have been uniaxial in nature [2,3]. However, the behaviour of the annulus is markedly affected by its geometry [3]. By examining a biaxial section of annulus fibrosus with a portion of the bone attachment present, the structure of the annular test section will be maintained and by inference so should its function [4]. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop an apparatus to investigate simultaneously both the macroscopic and microscopic swelling behaviour of the annulus fibrosus subjected to realistic biaxial loading. The biaxial loading device should maintain the annulus fibrosus in vivo geometry and environment, monitor stress and control tissue strain, while positioning the tissue in a manner that allows for in situ visualization of the cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".