Initial Oxide Particle Deposition Under Low-Temperature Cooling Water Conditions: Experiments Under Subcooled Boiling at High pH
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The deposition behavior of colloidal corrosion-product particles under isothermal conditions and different modes of heat transfer at atmospheric pressure has been reported previously, under conditions where the particles and heat transfer surface had opposite electrostatic charges so the fouling process was under transport control. Reported here are observations from a recirculating loop of the deposition of nickel ferrite from suspension in alkaline water during subcooled boiling at the surface of an Alloy-800 tube. Control was nominally by attachment. The experiment involved tracing the particles with radioactive 60Co so that their accumulation on the tube could be monitored remotely. A radioactive scoping test lasting 147 h was followed by a test with three continuous, sequential periods when the surface radioactivity was monitored. The first, for 117 h, involved exposure to a ∼5-ppm suspension, followed by a 124-h exposure to a nominally identical but nonradioactive suspension, followed by a 68-h exposure to water nominally devoid of nickel ferrite. The deposition during the first period followed kinetics similar to those measured under transport control in previous experiments and could be described by a mechanistic model developed previously. The surface radioactivity during the second period decreased, even while nonradioactive particles continued to deposit, but tended toward an asymptotic value at a rate that suggested that consolidation of a large portion of the deposit occurred abruptly. The final period saw a further decrease in surface radioactivity, presumably due to dissolution and release of deposit in the solute-free environment. These results are described with a mathematical model and their implications are discussed in the context of the previous experiments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it