Multipoint observations of substorm pre‐onset flows and time sequence in the ionosphere and magnetosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we use a rare and close longitudinal conjunction of the THEMIS spacecraft with the Sondrestrom radar to present multipoint observations of important features of the time sequence of substorm pre‐onset plasma flows in the ionosphere and magnetotail on March 5, 2008. We found that the onset was preceded sequentially by enhanced polar cap flows heading equatorward near the polar cap boundary, and then by tail fast flows from the mid‐tail to the near‐Earth region. We also observed in situ fluctuations in short‐period Pi2 band (∼30–50 s) in both the magnetic field and plasma pressure during the initial couple of min of the fast flows, occurring nearly simultaneously with the dipolarization and the fast flows and propagating earthward. Our results suggest that these fluctuations may be triggered by the fast flows, and may play an important role in the substorm onset process. Our event suggests that localized tail reconnection may be triggered by the enhanced polar cap flows, though the reconnection location cannot be unambiguously determined. Earthward fast flows are generated as a result of the tail reconnection and reach the inner magnetosphere to initiate the substorm onset. The presented case is consistent with that predicted by the Nishimura et al. (2010a) scenario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".