Experimental investigation on the chemical and physical properties of activated glass powder pastes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports on the results of an investigation carried out to examine the ability of fine glass to be used in the concrete industry. The pozzolanicity of the glass powder (GP) hydration with and without calcium hydroxide (CH) (lime) is assessed using different methods. A comprehensive experimental programme is carried out to investigate the chemical and physical properties of the hydrated activated GP with CH, as a cement hydration product, on the microstructural level. The experimental work focuses on the degree of hydration, pH and the alkalinity nature of the pore solution to evaluate the performance of the GP when it reacts with the CH. A flame emission spectroscopy test was used to quantify the alkali release from the GP as well as determining the rate of alkali release with time. It was found that the GP releases a small fraction of sodium ions into the solution. Test results showed that the finely ground GPs exhibited very high pozzolanic activity. It was observed that the GP–lime pastes show high non-evaporable water content. Moreover, the best performance of the GP reactivity can be obtained in the range of 10·5 < pH < 11·5 depending on the CH/GP ratio. According to the scanning electron microscope analysis, the gel product of the GP hydration precipitates on the surface of the large particle of the GP, at which the very small micro particles and the outer layer of the large GP particles react with CH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".