Coordinated Expression of β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein and the Putative β‐Secretase BACE and α‐Secretase ADAM10 in Mouse and Human Brain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To define the enzymes involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, we compared in mouse and human brain the mRNA levels and cellular localization of the ubiquitous beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) with those of the putative alpha-secretases ADAM10 and ADAM17 and the beta-secretases BACE and BACE2. In situ hybridization performed in mice during prenatal and postnatal development and in adulthood revealed the coexpression of beta-APP, BACE, and ADAM10. The patterns of BACE2 and ADAM17 only partially overlapped with that of beta-APP. beta-APP, BACE, and ADAM10 mRNAs have also been detected by northern blot in human brain cortex of normal subjects and in Alzheimer's disease subjects. In situ hybridization performed using combined biotin- and radiolabeled riboprobes provided evidence for the coexpression of beta-APP with BACE and ADAM10 in human cortical neurons. Our data provide cytochemical evidence supporting the role of ADAM10 and BACE as authentic alpha- and beta-secretases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".