Detection of<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>in ginger rhizomes by real-time PCR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bacterial wilt of ginger (Zingiber officinale), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), has emerged as an important disease of ginger production in Thailand and throughout Asia. Real-time PCR assays were developed for detection of Rs in ginger rhizomes. A unique 329-bp DNA fragment from Rs biovar 4 from ginger was identified using amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. PCR primer and probe sequences were designed for real-time PCR assays and screened against 86 strains of Rs. The primers RSAF1 and RSAR1 and probe RSP1 were shown to react with all strains of Rs race 1 biovars 3 and 4 but not biovars 1 and 2. Real-time TaqMan® PCR protocols were developed for two real-time PCR platforms, the ABI 7700 sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) and the portable Smart Cycler (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, Calif.). A comparison between classical real-time PCR and real-time BIO-PCR protocols, using 15 asymptomatic ginger rhizomes collected from different fields and markets, showed that 13 and 9 were positive by standard PCR and BIO-PCR, respectively. This is the first description of a real-time PCR assay capable of detecting Rs in asymptomatic ginger rhizomes and the first report of Rs in asymptomatic ginger rhizomes being sold in markets in Thailand. Keywords: BIO-PCR Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wiltginger Zingiber officinale
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".