Heritability and "evolvability" of meristic characters in a natural population of<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenotypic and genetic variabilities of nine meristic traits (in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus) were calculated for 33 full-sib families raised under controlled laboratory conditions and for 33 pairs caught in nature. Heritabilities were measured using three methods: regression (across environments, laboratorynature), full sib (laboratory), and minimum estimate (nature). Evolvabilities, as an alternative measure of genetic variability, were computed from the genetic coefficient of variation across environments, in the laboratory, and in nature. In general terms, phenotypic variability was smaller in laboratory-reared fish than in wild fish. Results applying both parameters (heritability and evolvability) suggest that in the natural environment, there is a relevant presence of additive genetic variability for lateral-plate number and, to a lesser extent, for lower gill rakers, as well as maternal effects on caudal and abdominal vertebrae and paternal effects on dorsal fin rays. Some of the meristic traits examined are bilateral. Heritabilities across environments and in the laboratory for fluctuating asymmetry values were calculated according to conventional methods and also employing method 2 of Falconer. Qualitatively, the results were almost the same using the two methods: most heritability values were around zero, even taking into account overall measures of fluctuating asymmetry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".