Expanding the conceptualization of nostalgia sport tourism: Lessons learned from fans left behind after sport franchise relocation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current research in nostalgia sport tourism commonly focuses on individual and group travel to sport museums, halls of fame and fantasy camps (which occur as isolated events). However, there is a sector of sport tourists who travel to live sporting events for the nostalgic reflection of the game and its players. This behaviour is evident in individuals who considered themselves fans of the now defunct National Hockey League team the Hartford Whalers. As part of a larger study into fan loyalty, these individuals were interviewed. The results show that a large contingent of fans travel to see live NHL hockey because it was no longer available in Hartford after the Whalers relocated to North Carolina. This paper shows that the definition of nostalgia sport tourism should be expanded to include fans that travel to live sporting events as a means of reflecting on past experiences as sports fans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".