A device for real-time measurement of catheter-motion and input to a catheter navigation system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Technological development of devices used in image-guided surgery and therapy has progressed due to the potential advantages such technology can bring to procedure efficacy and safety. This paper describes the technical design of a real-time catheter-motion sensor for use in investigating applied motion in catheter-based interventions and for use as an input device for a remote catheter navigation system. The device is comprised of three stages: the first two are passive stages used to measure axial and radial motion of the catheter and the third stage is an active brake used to impede motion. As a catheter is moved through the device, axial and radial measurement is achieved by mechanically coupling two optical encoders to the catheter. An electronic 24-bit counter and micro-controller are used to record incremental motion of the catheter. A computer loaded with a custom Python driver initializes and controls the micro-controller through a RS-232 port. The use of real clinical catheters with this device will allow the device to be used as an input to an image-guided remote catheter navigation system. User feedback may be achieved by linking a sensor in the slave device of a remote catheter navigation system, with the feedback system of the device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".