La prime au travail vs La prime pour l'emploi : l'effet sur le retour à l'emploi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of working poor class led the concerned countries to look for policies to reduce this poverty in the work without interfering with the flexibility of the labor market as in the case of the minimum wage legislation. In this perspective, several measures were implemented. Following the example of the Prime Pour l'Emploi adopted in France, Quebec established the Prime au Travail in order to increase the labor supply and to improve the situation of the low salaries. Nevertheless, these social policies of assistance to the poorest are generally ineffective because of externalities led on the behavior of the workers so creating the inactivity trap. In a context of economic crisis stressing the budget deficits of most of the developed countries, this article aims at estimating the effects of these two policies on the labor market participation as well as on the situation of low incomes. The entire document will be available soon. Le developpement de la classe des « working poor » a amene les differents pays concernes a chercher des moyens de lutter contre cette pauvrete au travail sans pour autant interferer avec la flexibilite du marche du travail comme peut le faire la legislation sur le salaire minimum. Dans cette perspective, plusieurs mesures ont vu le jour. Suivant l'exemple la prime pour l'emploi adoptee en France, le Quebec a instaure la prime au travail dans l'objectif d'accroitre l'offre de travail et d'ameliorer la situation des bas salaires. Neanmoins, ces politiques sociales d'assistance aux plus pauvres sont generalement inefficaces du fait des externalites induites sur le comportement des travailleurs creant ainsi une trappe d'inactivite. Dans un contexte de crise economique accentuant les deficits budgetaires de la plupart des pays developpes, ce rapport vise a evaluer les effets de ces deux dispositifs sur le retour a l'emploi ainsi que sur la situation des faibles revenus. Le document complet sera disponible ulterieurement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".