Comparison of behaviour and fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in membrane bioreactors and conventional activated sludge process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research was completed on the behaviour and fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in pilot-scale membrane bioreactors and conventional activated sludge (CAS) process at the City of Guelph Wastewater Treatment Plant. Emphasis was on the physicochemical processes, biological transformation and sorption kinetics. Measurement of TBBPA at the environmental level can be challenging, so the main focus of this paper was the development of an analytical method for the nano-level determination of TBBPA. The approach used was gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry in select ion monitoring mode. For the wastewater matrix studied, the developed method had a low method detection level (MDL) of 2.4 ng/L. The matrix effects for influent and activated sludge mixed liquor were determined to be 36.5 ± 5.9% (n = 10) and 79.2 ± 4.5% (n = 10), respectively. Preliminary results show that the CAS system demonstrates better performance for TBBPA removal, with removal at 83%. This was corroborated by the batch experiments that showed that the synergistic effects of biodegradation and biosorption potentially provide more removal of the TBBPA through the activated sludge process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".