Moment Connection of Concrete-Filled Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tubes by Direct Embedment into Footings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A moment connection of concrete-filled fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) to concrete footing is explored. The CFFTs are directly embedded into the footings to develop their full moment capacity, in lieu of using mechanical connections, dowel reinforcing bars, or posttensioning methods. CFFT specimens of 219 mm diameter (D) were embedded into footings, at various depths, ranging from 0.3D to 1.5D. The CFFT cantilevered specimens were then laterally loaded to failure. The objective was to establish the critical embedment length, which was found to be 0.73D. Shorter embedment lengths resulted in a bond failure associated with excessive slip, where the full flexural strength of CFFTs was not reached. Specimens with the critical or longer embedment lengths have achieved flexural tension failure of the CFFT, just outside the footing. Ancillary push-through tests were also carried out using CFFT stubs embedded into concrete footings, throughout the full thickness of the footing, and tested under concentric compression loads. The objective was to establish the bond strength between the GFRP tube and concrete footing, which was found to be 0.75 MPa. The bond strength and critical embedment length will vary from case to case. As such, the parameters affecting their values have been identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".