Evaluation of the First Mode of Vibration and Base Fixidity in Resonant-Column Testing
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In resonant column testing (ASTM standard), the shear strain distribution along the height of a specimen is assumed linear and fixed at the base. To investigate these assumptions, specimens of dry sand, mine tailings, and cemented sand are tested at different confinement and shear strain levels. The measured mode shapes for dry sands and mine tailings are linear at low and high strain levels; however, for a stiff cemented-sand specimen the first mode shape presents slippage at the end platens. Resonant frequencies decrease up to 50 % while the damping ratios increase up to 200 % because of this slippage. The coupling between the specimen and end-platens is enhanced using three different agents: gypsum cement, portland cement, and epoxy resin. The epoxy resin produces the best coupling, whereas portland and gypsum cements are effective only at low confinements and strain levels. Even after eliminating the slippage at the end-platens, the shear wave velocity of aluminum and PVC probes decreases with the increase in specimen stiffness because of the lack of base fixidity. To correct this apparent reduction, a new model and calibration procedure based on a two-degree-of-freedom system are proposed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it