The effect of fibre and coupling agent content on the mechanical properties of hemp/polypropylene composites
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Composites made from hemp and polypropylene were prepared in order to determine the effect of fibre and coupling agent content on their mechanical properties. The samples were prepared by compression molding after an initial melt blending and homogenization step in an internal batch mixer. Different fibre contents (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) and sizes (355 and 500 μm) were used with two coupling agents: maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) pellets and wax. For each case, MAPP concentrations between 0 and 7 wt% (fibre basis) were added to determine the optimum amount maximizing mechanical properties. The fractured surfaces of these composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopic technique (SEM) to investigate the fibre/matrix interfacial bonding. The mechanical properties of the composites were characterized in tensile, torsion, and flexion and the results showed that coupling agent addition has a positive effect on all moduli with an optimum content ranging between 2 and 4 wt%. It was also found that the coupling agent wax was more effective that the pellets.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it