Role of α4β1 Integrins in Chemokine‐Induced Monocyte Arrest under Conditions of Shear Stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment or emigration to tissues is an essential component of host defense in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Sequential molecular interactions mediate a cascade of tethering, rolling, arrest, stable adhesion, and intravascular crawling that culminates in monocyte diapedesis across the vascular endothelium and migration through the basement membrane of postcapillary venules. Integrins are complex adhesion and signaling molecules. Dynamic alterations in their conformation and distribution on the monocyte cell surface are required for many steps of monocyte emigration. Intracellular signaling initiated by chemokine receptors induces conformational changes in integrins that upregulate their affinity for ligands, and this is essential for monocyte arrest. This review focuses on the activation of monocyte alpha4beta1 integrins by endothelial chemokines, which is required for the arrest of monocytes rolling on vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 under shear flow. Using soluble ligand-binding assays and adhesion assays in parallel-plate flow chambers, critical signaling mediators in chemokine-induced alpha4beta1 integrin affinity upregulation and monocyte arrest have been identified, including phospholipase C, calcium, and calmodulin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".