Dynamics of dead wood over 20 years in a New England oak forest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trees and snags with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥5 cm were measured in 1983, 1993, and 2003 on 117 plots, each having an area of 200-m2, in an 80-year-old forest in western Massachusetts. In 2003 we measured dead stumps and coarse woody debris (CWD) with diameter ≥10 cm using the line intercept method. Decadal mortality rates were 9.4% and 9.0% per decade (7.1 and 5.0 m3·ha1, respectively). Mortality rates were highest (32%) in low-vigor suppressed trees. Snags with dbh > 10 cm occurred on 72% and 62% of plots, respectively, in 1983 and 2003. Snag volume decreased from 13.2 to 8.7 m3·ha1 over the 20-year period. From 1983 to 2003, 88% of a cohort of oak (Quercus spp.) snags, probably killed by gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.), had fallen. Decadal fall rates of snags averaged 61% and 66% (6.8 and 4.5 m3·ha1, respectively). CWD logs were measured on 55% of plots and averaged 10.1 m3·ha1. Stumps were on 62% of plots and averaged 0.7 m3·ha1. Seventy percent of stumps, but only 38% of logs, were in the two most decayed classes. Trees cut the previous decade contributed 6% of CWD logs measured. Few snags were cut (1.6 and 0.4 m3·ha1, respectively, in 19831993 and 19932003). Snag production and fall rates were higher than in other forests, but CWD volume was lower.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".