Attenuation of UV‐Induced Apoptosis by Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in Human Cells Harboring Large‐Scale Deletion of Mitochondrial DNA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) syndrome is one of the mitochondrial diseases caused by large-scale deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that impair the respiratory function of mitochondria and result in decreased production of ATP in affected tissues. In order to investigate whether CPEO-associated mtDNA mutations (i.e., 4,366-bp and 4,977-bp large-scale deletions) render human cells more vulnerable to apoptosis, we constructed cybrids carrying the deleted mtDNA. Assays for cell viability, DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation revealed that UV irradiation at 20 J/m2 triggered apoptosis in all the cybrids. This treatment also produced elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The rate of UV-induced cell death was more pronounced in the cybrids harboring mtDNA deletions than in the control cybrid with wild-type mtDNA. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of coenzyme Q10 on the UV-triggered apoptosis. The results showed that after pretreatment of the cybrids with 100 microM coenzyme Q10 the UV-induced cell damage (i.e., ROS production and activation of caspase 3) was significantly reduced. Taken together, these findings suggest that large-scale deletions of mtDNA increased the susceptibility of human cells to the UV-triggered apoptosis and that coenzyme Q10 mitigated the damage; hence, it might potentially serve as a therapeutic agent to treat mitochondrial diseases resulting from mtDNA deletions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".