The Effects of Chloride Ions on the Electrowinning of Nickel from Sulfate Electrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, the effects of chloride ions on the electrowinning of nickel from sulfate electrolytes has been studied. Specifically, the influence of the chloride ion concentration in the range of 0-1000 mg/L on the current efficiency, and power consumption of electrowinning, surface morphology, and preferred orientation of nickel deposits have been determined. The current efficiency increased while the power consumption decreased in the presence of chloride ions over the concentration range studied, the maximum being 1000 mg/L. X-ray diffraction analysis of the nickel deposits produced from electrolytes with chloride ions indicated the presence of (111), (200), (220), (311), (400), (331), and (222) orientation, with a slight (200) and (220) preferred orientation. By using scanning electron microscopy changes in the surface morphology and appearance of the nickel deposits were also observed as a result of chloride ion additions. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".