Health of Herring Gulls (<i>Larus argentatus</i>) in Relation to Breeding Location in the Early 1990s. I. Biochemical Measures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tissues of 156 adult herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were sampled in the early 1990s from 11 colonies throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes and 2 reference colonies in Lake Winnipeg and the Bay of Fundy. Gulls from 1 or more Great Lakes differed from Lake Winnipeg or the Bay of Fundy for 17 of 19 clinical biochemical measures, whereas the freshwater and marine reference sites differed in only 3. Three differed with sex. There was little evidence to suggest that these differences reflect genotypic differences. Plasma thyroxine, albumin, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, triglyceride, bile acids, total protein, uric acid, and urea nitrogen concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were lower in gulls from one or more Great Lakes than for gulls from one or both reference sites, while those for globulins and glucose were higher. Highly carboxylated porphyrins accumulated in the livers of Great Lakes gulls and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was induced. There was resistance to PCB/TCDD-induced EROD induction in the Lake Erie colonies. Gulls from five colonies were unable to obtain adequate food to maintain average body condition. Body condition was associated with seven biochemical measures. Colonies in designated Areas of Concern as well as those with high liver polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations both differed for 50% of the biochemical measures. Associations between biochemical measures and delta15N-derived trophic position and/or contaminant levels in tissues suggest the effects may be toxicopathic responses. Associations were most frequently with PCBs and dioxin-like contaminants. The health of adult herring gulls varied with breeding location and "lifestyle" in the early 1990s, and Great Lakes gulls suffered from chemical and nutritional stressors that modulated physiological processes and endocrine function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".