Lithofacies and dynamics of a cool-water carbonate seaway: mid-Tertiary, Te Kuiti Group, New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Waimai, Orahiri and Otorohanga limestones of the upper Eocene to lowermost Miocene Te Kuiti Group, North Island, New Zealand, provide examples of cool-water carbonate sedimentation within seaways. The limestones are dominated by grainstones and packstones, and contain abundant bryozoans, benthic foraminifers and echinoderm fragments, with only small amounts of siliciclastic material. Horizontally bedded and cross-bedded lithofacies represent sedimentation in wave-dominated and current-dominated settings, respectively; biostrome lithofacies are less abundant and tend to be associated with the current-generated deposits. The migration of dune fields and the associated biostromes generate laterally restricted cyclic alternations of lithofacies. Stratigraphic partitioning of cross-bedded and wave-dominated lithofacies demonstrate that the Te Kuiti seaway alternated between current-dominated, wave-dominated and mixed-energy conditions. Eustatically and/or tectonically produced changes in water depth had the most important influence, with current-dominated conditions prevailing when water depth was optimal to allow flow acceleration through the seaway. Wave-dominated or mixed-energy conditions prevailed when water depth was less or more than this optimum depth. Mixed-energy conditions were most prevalent in widest seaways. The controls on seaway sedimentation inferred have application to other carbonate and siliciclastic seaway successions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".