A cross‐sectional study of indications for cesarean deliveries in Médecins Sans Frontières facilities across 17 countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the major indications for cesareans performed by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) personnel from the Operational Center Brussels. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of all singleton cesarean deliveries from 2008-2012 for which indications were recorded. Location of project, age of patient, type of anesthesia, and duration of operation were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 14 151 singleton cesarean deliveries were identified from 17 countries. Among the 15 905 indications recorded, the most common was failure to progress or cephalopelvic disproportion (4822 [30.3%]), followed by previous uterine scar (2504 [15.7%]), non-reassuring fetal status (2306 [14.5%]), and fetal malpresentation (1746 [11.0%]). Other indications were placenta or vasa previa (794 [5.0%]), uterine rupture (676 [4.3%]), hypertensive disorders (659 [4.1%]), placental abruption (520 [3.3%]), pre-rupture (450 [2.8%]), and cord prolapse (365 [2.3%]). CONCLUSION: Indications for cesareans in MSF settings differ from those in higher-income countries. Further investigation is needed for adequate emergency obstetric care coverage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".