Displaced Olecranon Fractures in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wire and suture methods have been used to stabilize pediatric olecranon fractures. This study (1) compared differences in simulated intraoperative compression during fracture reduction, (2) evaluated articular surface compression during cyclic loading of the tension band, and (3) compared fracture stabilization after cyclic physiologic loading at low/high levels. METHODS: Identical olecranon fractures were created in 10 synthetic ulnae and randomized to suture or wire fixation. Compression after fixation and compression during cyclic loading between 10 and 50 N was measured with a load cell at the articular surface and compared with a 1-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Twenty-four fractured synthetic ulna were randomly assigned to wire or suture tension band constructs and low- or high-loading groups. The low-load group (12 ulnae) cycled loading from 3 to 10 N for 100 cycles followed by a failure test. The high-load group (12 ulnae) experienced 10 to 100 N before failure testing. Fracture separation (mm) and failure load (N) were compared using a 2-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Ten synthetic ulnae were randomized to wire/suture groups and cyclically loaded between 10 to 50 N while measuring loads across the fracture using a load cell. Correlation data were statistically compared with a Fisher transformation and z test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Residual compression was statistically greater for wire compared with suture. There was no difference in fracture displacement between groups during low loads. Suture had significantly greater displacement compared with wire at high loads. Failure loads were significantly greater for wire at both load settings. Wires transmitted forces across the joint surface more readily than sutures. CONCLUSIONS: Suture tension bands had lower ultimate failure loads and less compression at the fracture site. However, if low loads are expected or if the fracture is reduced easily, the suture tension band may be an appropriate alternative to wire fixation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Perhaps, in small children or when using casts in bigger children, a bioabsorbable suture may be used for fracture stabilization avoiding the need for extensive surgery to remove the fixation material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".