Ultrasonic Characterization of Thermal Distribution in Vicinity for a Cylindrical Thermal Lesion in a Biological Tissue
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study considers an ultrasonic characterization on the thermal distribution in vicinity for a cylindrical thermal lesion formed in a biological tissue. The cylindrical heat source is made of a standard nichrome wire with the diameter of 1 mm. The wire was inserted inside a pork muscle housed in a cuboidal container made of perspex. The heat is conducted radially outwards from the wire to the surrounding tissue. Thermal distribution near the heated wire was predicted by numerically solving a bioheat transfer function using FemLab (Comsol, Inc.). As the wire temperature was raised from the environmental temperature 20 °C to more than 80 °C in steps of 5 °C, ultrasonic B-scan images were acquired at each temperature. We assessed the feasibility of detecting the lesion boundary using changes in echogenicity, changes in centroid frequency due to attenuation, tissue moving characteristics resulting from changes in the speed of sound, and elastograms. These observations will be of use in improving ultrasonic monitoring and guiding in HIFU surgery and thermo-therapeutic process in general.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it