Secreted proteins from Neisseria meningitidis mediate differential human gene expression and immune activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Meningococcal secreted proteins (MSPs) have been poorly characterized. We hypothesized that MSPs play essential roles in host--bacterial interactions and in the pathogenesis of disease. In order to test this, we examined differential host gene expression in human meningeal-derived cells, in response to endotoxin-depleted MSPs compared to live bacteria. Using expression arrays, upregulated expression of several pro-inflammatory and apoptosis-related genes was found to be induced by MSPs. The transcription and translation of representative genes was confirmed by using various methods. Increased interleukin 8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene transcription was confirmed using real-time PCR. Upregulated IL-8, IL-6, ICAM-1 and COX-2 protein expression were confirmed by ELISA, flow cytometry or Western immunoblots. Furthermore, exposure of cells to MSPs or live meningococci induced a small significant resistance effect to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Secreted meningococcal virulence factors are therefore important in inducing host inflammatory responses and resistance to apoptosis, and they are worthy of extensive investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".