Heat Transfer to Water at Supercritical Parameters in Vertical Tubes, Annular Channels, 3- and 7-Rod Bundles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The data on deteriorated transfer to supercritical water in vertical tubes and channels simulating coolant flow in fuel assemblies obtained at the same experimental setup during more than dozen of years are considered and compared with some known results of the experimental studies performed by other authors. They involve the data for vast ranges of geometry, mass velocity, heat flux rate, and pressure, in some cases for up- and downward flow, for flow with and without thermoacoustic oscillations. For the first time the data illustrating deterioration of heat transfer in the bundles of fuel elements are presented. An attempt to explain the phenomena of “inlet” peak of wall temperature is made. It is shown that temperature regimes of the tubes cooled with supercritical water in a gaseous state (i.e., at bulk temperature above the pseudocritical temperature) are close to linear, stable and easily reproducible within a wide range of mass and heat fluxes. Some requirements to the experimental setup, coolant quality, test sections etc. that should be followed in studying thermal and hydraulic parameters of supercritical coolant are analyzed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".