Off-resonant absorption in bound-to-continuum<i>p</i>-type<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>quantum wells: Overcoming absorption saturation with doping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optimum bound-to-continuum normal-incidence absorption in low-doped (less than $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells obtains for well widths for which the second light-hole (LH2) level is resonant with the top of the valence band quantum well near the center of the Brillouin zone. Experimentally we found that such absorption saturates at higher doping levels. For higher doping around $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2},$ our envelope-function approximation (EFA) model predicts that pushing LH2 deeper into the continuum avoids absorption saturation and at least doubles the photoresponse. The results are explained on the basis of an EFA calculation, which shows that saturation is due to the fact that the line of resonances in the continuum as a function of the in-plane wave vector eventually becomes a bound LH2 band in the well at some critical wave vector. By matching this critical wave vector (via well width and/or well depth adjustment) with the Fermi wave vector (determined by doping in the well) for the desired QWIP (i.e., cutoff wavelength), saturation can be avoided. This prediction is verified on a set of well-characterized samples. A re-entrant band behavior, in which a band is bound over a limited portion of the Brillouin zone, is also demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.949 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".