Hemodialysis Intravascular Hemolysis and Kinked Blood Lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between May 29 and September 13, 1991, 4 patients developed acute intravascular hemolysis during hemodialysis with Monitral-S delivery systems and Hospal BSM A77 blood lines. All had malaise, nausea and headache; 3 had severe abdominal pain and 2 became very ill. Plasma hemoglobins were 3-21 g/l and LDH 542-3,300 IU in the 4 patients. Hepatoglobin became unmeasurable in 3 and was 0.09 g/l in the 4th patient. Soon afterwards, we found the arterial blood line tightly kinked at the dialyzer inlet port in the 4th patient and released it; he developed abdominal pain, hemolysis was present. We then found these lines had an extra long pump segment, and the rest was short and fitted poorly. When put in the first tubing organizer, severe kinking could occur just after the pump segment, causing back pressure but no alarm. We produced early visible hemolysis in a 1-liter circulating closed loop blood system with the blood line kinked either at the dialyzer inlet or just below the first arterial line tubing organizer with 40 g/l free plasma hemoglobin by 30 min. We excluded reported causes of intravascular hemolysis during hemodialysis. No hemolysis occurred before or during the 9 months after we discarded BSM A77 lines. The evidence indicates that kinked blood lines caused the hemolysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".