Développement de la parole et émergence de la structure prosodique chez l'enfant: une étude de l'accent d'emphase en français
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents the results of a study on articulatory and acoustical correlates of contrastive focus in French in five children aged 4 and 5 and five adults. The speakers repeated the sequence [baba] in two prosodic contexts: neutral conditions and contrastive focus. The acoustic signal and the trajectories of three sensors placed on the subjects' upper lip, lower lip, and chin were recorded using an Optotrak system. Articulatory movements were analyzed for the two syllables in the sequence, in each of the two prosodic conditions. Formant measurements, sound intensity, fundamental frequency, and acoustic duration of the segments were also extracted from the acoustic signal. The results show that the effects of contrastive focus are smaller in the children than the adult speakers. The results are interpreted in light of recent theories on the emergence of spoken language in children. Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude sur les corrélats articulatoires et acoustiques de l'accent d'emphase en français chez cinq enfants âgés de 4 et 5 ans et cinq adultes. Les locuteurs avaient pour tâche de répéter la séquence [baba] dans deux contextes prosodiques : en condition neutre et sous emphase contrastive. Le signal acoustique et les trajectoires de trois senseurs posés sur la lèvre supérieure, la lèvre inférieure et le menton des sujets ont été enregistrés à l'aide d'un système Optotrak. Les déplacements des articulateurs ont été analysés pour les deux syllabes de la séquence, dans chacune des deux conditions prosodiques. Les mesures formantiques, l'intensité sonore, la fréquence fondamentale et la durée acoustique des segments ont également été extraites du signal acoustique. Les résultats montrent que les effets de l'emphase contrastive sont moins grands chez ces locuteurs enfants par rapport aux locuteurs adultes. Les résultats sont interprétés à la lumière des théories récentes sur l'émergence de la parole chez l'enfant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".