PON3 knockout mice are susceptible to obesity, gallstone formation, and atherosclerosis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the engineering and characterization of paraoxonase‐3 knockout mice (Pon3KO). The mice were generally healthy but exhibited quantitative alterations in bile acid metabolism and a 37% increased body weight compared to the wild‐type mice on a high fat diet. PON3 was enriched in the mitochondria‐associated membrane fraction of hepatocytes. PON3 deficiency resulted in impaired mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, and increased hepatic expression of inflammatory genes. PON3 deficiency did not influence atherosclerosis development on an apolipoprotein E null hyperlipidemic background, but it did lead to a significant 60% increase in atherosclerotic lesion size in Pon3KO mice on the C57BL/6J background when fed a cholate‐cholesterol diet. On the diet, the Pon3KO had significantly increased plasma intermediate‐density lipoprotein/LDL cholesterol and bile acid levels. They also exhibited significantly elevated levels of hepatotoxicity markers in circulation, a 58% increase in gallstone weight, a 40% increase in hepatic cholesterol level, and increased mortality. Furthermore, Pon3KO mice exhibited decreased hepatic bile acid synthesis and decreased bile acid levels in the small intestine compared with wild‐type mice. Our study suggests a role for PON3 in the metabolism of lipid and bile acid as well as protection against atherosclerosis, gallstone disease, and obesity.—Shih, D. M., Yu, J. M., Vergnes, L., Dali‐Youcef, N., Champion, M. D., Devarajan, A., Zhang, P., Castellani, L. W., Brindley, D. N., Jamey, C. Auwerx, J., Reddy, S. T., Ford, D. A., Reue, K., Lusis, A. J. PON3 knockout mice are susceptible to obesity, gallstone formation, and atherosclerosis. FASEB J. 29, 1185‐1197 (2015). www.fasebj.org
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it