Transition of a synoptic system to a polar low via interaction with the orography of Greenland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A case study of a polar low that occurred over the Labrador Sea from December 29–31, 1997 was performed using the Penn State–NCAR Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5). The polar low was imaged by the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on the RADARSAT-1 satellite and as a result, unique high resolution information on the polar low’s surface expression is available. This low is also of interest as it formed from a synoptic-scale low pressure system that underwent a bifurcation through an interaction with the topography of Greenland. Our model results showthat the polar lowachieved a minimum central pressure of 954 hPa with maximum 10 m wind speeds in excess of 30 ms −1 . Coincident SSM/I data are in agreement with the model surface wind speed field. Sensitivity studies showed that the genesis of the low was relatively insensitive to air–sea fluxes of sensible and latent heat. The model precipitation field indicates the presence of features reminiscent of rainbands observed to occur in association with tropical cyclones, as well as frontal features typically seen in mid-latitude baroclinic systems. In addition, our model results indicate that precipitation as well as the surface wind contributes to the polar low’s surface expression as imaged by SAR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".