Tracer tests to evaluate hydraulic residence time in limestone drains: Case study of the Lorraine site, Latulipe, Québec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) remains one of the major environmental problems for the mining industry. When AMD is produced on a mine site, passive treatment techniques such as limestone drains (LDs) can be used to improve water quality, particularly when the effluent is relatively small. In 1999, LDs were installed in combination with a cover with capillary barrier effects to rehabilitate the abandoned acid-generating Lorraine mine site in Quebéc, Canada. However, the quality of the water exiting the LD does not meet the local regulations (even if a significant improvement has been observed). To better understand the behaviour of the drains, the hydraulic residence time (HRT) was evaluated using various tracer tests. Tests’ results indicate that the HRT in the Lorraine LDs is close to the minimum value targeted at the design stage but is significantly different than those estimated from the geometrical characteristics and porosity of the drains and the water flow discharge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".