Adult granulosa cell tumour‐like areas occurring in ovarian epithelial neoplasms: report of a case series with investigation of <i><scp>FOXL</scp>2</i> mutation status
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To look for FOXL2 mutation in rare ovarian epithelial lesions showing stromal components with morphological features of adult granulosa cell tumour (AGCT). METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the 402C→G FOXL2 mutation status in five epithelial ovarian lesions in women aged 45-77 years showing stromal proliferations that were morphologically indistinguishable from AGCT. The lesions were mucinous cystadenoma, mixed epithelial cystadenoma, endometriotic cyst, mucinous borderline tumour (intestinal type), and mucinous carcinoma. In one case, the AGCT component formed a discrete nodule, and in the others it was distributed within the septa and cyst walls. FOXL2 mutation was present in two cases and absent in three cases. One mutation-positive case showed an AGCT nodule abutting a mucinous borderline tumour, interpreted as a collision tumour. The other positive case had an AGCT component within the septa of a mucinous carcinoma, and both components are likely to be neoplastic. In the three cases without FOXL2 mutation, the stromal component most likely represents a non-neoplastic AGCT-like proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Areas typical of AGCT are rarely associated with epithelial ovarian lesions. These are heterogeneous and likely to be truly neoplastic in only a subset of cases. FOXL2 mutation testing may be useful in confirming a true neoplastic AGCT component.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".